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1.
An. bras. dermatol ; 93(1): 145-147, Jan.-Feb. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038263

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which affects peripheral nerves, skin and mucous membranes. The impairment of neural function as well as sensory or sensory-motor disabilities in leprosy continue to be a problem that requires careful attention in the management of patients with the aim to avoid or minimize their progression to prevent sequelae. One of the most common characteristics of these ulcers is the tendency to chronicity, with variable therapeutic response. In this article, we shall discuss the therapeutic management of thirteen trophic leprosy ulcers in eight patients using polyhexanide 0.2% products.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Foot Ulcer/drug therapy , Disinfectants/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Foot Ulcer/complications , Preliminary Data , Leprosy/complications
3.
J. bras. med ; 99(2): 32-38, jun.-set. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-616480

ABSTRACT

O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) está alcançando proporções epidêmicas, e embora as mudanças no estilo de vida possam manter o controle glicêmico, o curso da doença, em longo prazo, requer algum tipo de intervenção farmacológica. É bem conhecido que os indivíduos que se mantêm mal controlados apresentam mais complicações macro e microvasculares e a redução da hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) diminui significativamente o risco de desenvolvimento de complicações microvasculares em pacientes com DM2. Atualmente há seis classes de antidiabéticos orais: sulfonilureias, meglitinidas, biguanidas, tiazolidinedionas (TZDs), inibidores da alfa-glicosidase e os incretinomiméticos. As sulfonilureias e as meglitinidas estimulam a secreção de insulina; a metformina age principalmente suprimindo a produção hepática de glicose; as tiazolidinedionas melhoram a resistência periférica à insulina e os inibidores da alfa-glicosidase retardam a degredação e a digestão dos carboidratos complexos no intestino. Uma nova opção terapêutica para o DM2 são as drogas incretinomiméticas. Dentre elas temos os análogos de GLP-1 (exenatida e liraglutida) e os inibidores da DPP-IV. Ambos estimulam a secreção de insulina, suprimem a secreção de glucagon e desaceleram o esvaziamento gástrico; a redução de peso é característica dos análogos. O bom controle glicêmico em longo prazo e a prevenção do DM2 requerem uma abordagem agressiva e abrangente. No entanto, uma vez instalada a doença, além das modificações do estilo de vida, o tratamento farmacológico deve ser iniciado e cuidadosamente monitorado, com o uso de drogas que agem nos diversos mecanismos fisiopatológicos conhecidos. Novos estudos serão sempre necessários para se obter mais informações a respeito do diabetes e, assim, aprimorar o desenvolvimento de novas drogas.


The type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions in the worldwide and lifestyle modification provide insufficient glucose control over the long-term course of the disease, the vast majority of patients require some type of pharmacological intervention. Several studies have shown that individuals who remain poorly controlled have more macro and microvascular complications and the decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) significantly reduces the risk of developing microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. At the moment, there are six classes of oral antidiabetics drugs: sulfonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides (metformin), thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose) and incretin-mimetics drugs. The sulfonylureas and meglitinide acting insulin secretion; metformin acts primarily by suppressing hepatic glucose production; thiazolidinediones improve insulin resistance; and alpha-glucosidade inhibitors retard the degradation and digestion of complex carbohydrates in the intestine and incretin-mimetics drugs that stimulate insulin secretion, suppress glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying and weight loss (it is characteristic of the GLP-1 analogues). The good longterm glycemic control and prevention of type 2 diabetes requires an aggressive and comprehensive approach. However, once installed the disease, in addition to lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy should be initiated and carefully monitored using drugs that act on different pathophysiologicals mechanisms. New studies are always necessary to obtain more information about diabetes and thus improve the development of new drugs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors , /prevention & control , /drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Incretins/therapeutic use , Life Style , Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use , alpha-Glucosidases/antagonists & inhibitors , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Glucose
4.
J. bras. med ; 98(5): 23-30, out.-dez. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-575355

ABSTRACT

A Federação Internacional de Diabetes (/DF) publicou novos dados indicando a enormidade da epidemia mundial da doença. Esses dados demonstram que o diabetes afeta atualmente 246 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, sendo que 46% destes com idades entre 40 e 59 anos. Dados atuais predizem que, se nada for feito, o número total de portadores de diabetes ultrapassará 380 milhões de pessoas em 20 anos. O estilo de vida moderno trouxe inúmeras mudanças de hábito e comportamento, como menor tempo dedicado à prática de atividades físicas regulares, um cotidiano mais estressante, além da maior oferta de alimentos industrializados, ricos em carboidratos simples e gorduras, pobres em fibras, minerais e vitaminas. Atualmente dedica-se mais tempo a atividades em frente às telas de computadores e a jogos de videogame e programas de televisão. Como consequência, tem-se observado maior incidência de doenças metabólicas, tais como obesidade, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM 2), hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), dislipidemia e, portanto, doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs), gerando a necessidade crescente de pesquisas em busca de novas opções terapêuticas para estas doenças. O presente trabalho visa fazer uma breve revisão sobre os avanços terapêuticos do diabetes mellitus tipo 2.


The International Diabetes Federation (/DF) has published new data indicating the enormity of the diabetes epidemic in the globe. That data show that the disease now affects a staggering 246 million people worldwide, with 46% of a11 those affected in the 40-59 age group. The new data predict that the total number of people living with diabetes will skyrocket to 380 million within twenty years if nothing is done. The modern life style has brought many changes such as more variety of food rich in sugar, fat and poor in fiber, vitamins and minerals, less time to practice a regular physical activity and a more stressful lifestyle. Nowadays, people spend more time in front of their computers, playing video games and watching programs of TV. As a consequence, many metabolic diseases have been increasing such as obesity, type I1 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases, leading the growing necessity of researches for new therapeutic options to these diseases. This article is a short review of type II diabetes mellitus's new treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , /complications , /epidemiology , /etiology , /physiopathology , /therapy , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Diabetes Complications/classification , Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use , Incretins/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic use , Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology , Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology , Obesity/complications , Diabetic Retinopathy/physiopathology , Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
6.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology ; : 157-164, 2008.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-35035

ABSTRACT

Three Acanthamoeba isolates (KA/E9, KA/E17, and KA/E23) from patients with keratitis were identified as Acanthamoeba triangularis by analysis of their molecular characteristics, a species not previously recognized to be a corneal pathogen. Epidemiologic significance of A. triangularis as a keratopathogen in Korea has been discussed. Morphologic features of Acanthamoeba cysts were examined under a microscope with differential interference contrast (DIC) optics. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the ocular isolates KA/E9, KA/E17, and KA/E23 were digested with restriction enzymes, and the restriction patterns were compared with those of reference strains. Complete nuclear 18S and mitochondrial (mt) 16S rDNA sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis and species identification. mtDNA RFLP of 3 isolates showed very similar patterns to those of SH621, the type strain of A. triangularis. 16S and 18S rDNA sequence analysis confirmed 3 isolates to be A. triangularis. 18S rDNA sequence differences of the isolates were 1.3% to 1.6% and those of 16S rDNA, 0.4% to 0.9% from A. triangularis SH621. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report, confirmed by 18S and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, of keratitis caused by A. triangularis of which the type strain was isolated from human feces. Six isolates of A. triangularis had been reported from contaminated contact lens cases in southeastern Korea.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Acanthamoeba/classification , Acanthamoeba Keratitis/drug therapy , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Biguanides/therapeutic use , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , Phylogeny , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
7.
J. bras. med ; 88(1/2): 13-22, jan.- fev. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-561173

ABSTRACT

A modernidade trouxe inúmeras mudanças de hábito e comportamento como menor tempo para prática de atividade física regular, um estilo de vida mais estressado, além de maior oferta de alimentos industrializados, ricos em carboidratos simples e gorduras, pobres em fibras, minerais e vitaminas. Atualmente passa-se mais tempo em frente aos computadores e às televisões. Como conseqüência tem-se observado maior incidência de doenças metabólicas, tais como obesidade, diabetes mellitus tipo II (DM II), hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), dislipidemia e, portanto, doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs). O presente trabalho visa fazer uma breve revisão sobre diabetes mellitus tipo II e suas conseqüências para a saúde.


The modern life style has brought many changes such as more variety of food rich in sugar, fat and poor in fiber, vitamins and minerals, less time to practice a regular physical activity and a more stressful lifestyle. Nowadays, people spend more time in front of their computers and TV. As a consequence, many metabolic diseases have been increasing such as obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. This article is a short review of type II diabetes mellitus and its consequences.


Subject(s)
Humans , /complications , /diagnosis , /physiopathology , /therapy , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use , Diet, Diabetic , /therapeutic use , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic use , Nutritional Transition , Risk Factors , Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
8.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 44(6): 509-18, dez. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-277278

ABSTRACT

O diabetes mellitus do tipo 2 (DM2) resulta de defeitos na secreçäo e açäo da insulina. Ele está frequentemente associado à resistência à insulina, obesidade andróide, dislipidemia e hipertensäo arterial, constituindo a síndrome metabólica. O tratemento atual visa diminuir a resistência à insulina e melhorar a funçäo da célula beta pancreática com dieta, exercícios, hipoglicemiantes orais, anti-hiperglicemiantes e/ou drogas anti-obesidade. Novas drogas no tratamento do DM estäo surgindo, tornando possíveis multiplas opçöes terapêuticas. Este artigo apresenta uma revisäo sobre o assunto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy , Glycoside Hydrolases/therapeutic use , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/metabolism , Insulin/therapeutic use , Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use , Exercise Therapy/methods , Thiazoles/therapeutic use
9.
Ciênc. rural ; 30(4): 661-4, jul.-ago. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-273894

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo da caracterizaçäo da ocorrência de ®red leg¼ em Minas Gerais, avaliaram-se räs jovens e adultas que apresentavam úlceras nas patas e dedos, derrame hemorrágico na pele da regiäo ventral, incoordenaçäo motora, altas taxas de mortalidade em adultos e abscessos hepáticos à necropsia. No cultivo de fragmentos de pele lesada e abscessos, foi isolado e identificado Aeromonas hydrophila. O efeito bactericida do VANTOCIL IB foi superior ao permanganato de potássio, determinado pela concentraçäo inibitória mínima para colônias isoladas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Aeromonas hydrophila/drug effects , Aeromonas hydrophila/isolation & purification , Biguanides/therapeutic use , In Vitro Techniques , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/veterinary , Ranidae/injuries , Ranidae/microbiology
10.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 2000 Jul; 44(3): 363-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-107100

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of various drugs/agents in the treatment of experimentally induced Acanthamoeba Keratitis (A. keratitis). Thirty rabbits were divided into 5 equal treatment groups and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) 0.02%, fluconazole 0.2%, povidone iodine 5%, aprotinin 40 IU/ml and normal saline were administered in a double blind manner, at a dose of one drop, 5 times/day. Neomycin 1700 U/ml was used as a common drug in all groups, with same frequency. Post therapy subsidence of lid oedema, mucopurulent discharge, conjunctival congestion, corneal epithelial defect and anterior chamber reactions were noted. Average healing time in days (Mean +/- S.D.) were 13.67 +/- 1.21, 22 +/- 1.41, 23.5 +/- 1.05, 17.0 +/- 1.41 and 28.0 +/- 1.90 for PHMB, fluconazole, povidone iodine, aprotinin and normal saline respectively. Lid oedema, mucopurulent discharge and conjunctival congestion improved faster in PHMB and aprotinin treated eyes. The results of this study suggest that PHMB is a better drug for A. keratitis, while aprotinin may be used as an adjuvant drug in the management of A. keratitis.


Subject(s)
Acanthamoeba Keratitis/drug therapy , Animals , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Female , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , Male , Neomycin/therapeutic use , Povidone-Iodine/therapeutic use , Rabbits
11.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 57(3): 209-11, 1996.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-208445

ABSTRACT

Presentamos un breve resumen histórico y enfatizamos la importancia del uso del metformin, en el tratamiento de diabetes no insulino - dependiente basada en la experiencia europea y canadiense. Recomendamos la dosis de 500 mg debido a que se ha demostrado que la incidencia de acidosis láctica es pequeña, se consigue un buen cumplimiento de la dosis y puede ser combinado con otros antidiabéticos orales.


Subject(s)
Biguanides , Biguanides/adverse effects , Biguanides/pharmacokinetics , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Metformin , Metformin , Metformin/adverse effects , Metformin/pharmacokinetics , Metformin/pharmacology , Metformin/therapeutic use , Obesity/diagnosis , Obesity/therapy
12.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 42(4): 184-9, jul.-ago. 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-156808

ABSTRACT

El fracaso secundario (FS) a las drogas hipoglicemiantes orales(DHO), es la falta de respuesta a esta terapia, que aparece en los DNID después de un período de buen control metabólico. Deben descartarse, de preferencia, con hospitalización, los otros factores de descompensación. El FS tiene una incidencia anual de 5 por ciento, siendo más frecuente en los sujetos delgados. A los 10 años de diabetes, el 50 por ciento de los DNID presenta FS a las sulfonilureas; la asociación con biguarnidas aumenta la efectividad de las drogas en 5 años. En su patogenia, el FS corresponde a la intensificación de los mecanismos propios de la DNID: déficit de la secreción y aumento de la resistencia insulínica. Favorecen su desarrollo la hiperglicemia crónica, la duración de las diabetes, la menor edad al diagnóstico y el aumento de peso. La terapia de elección es el tratamiento insulínico nocturno asociado a las DHO; en los pacientes con IMC ó 25kg/m2 se emplea de preferencia las sulfonilureas y en los obesos, las biguanidas. Si persiste la hipreglicemia postprandial se puede adicionar acarbosa


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Drug Resistance , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Administration, Oral , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Causality , Drug Interactions , Insulin Resistance , Insulin/administration & dosage , Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
13.
Belo Horizonte; Minas Gerais. Secretaria de Estado da Sáude; 1995. 27 p. tab.(Informe Técnico, 18).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-185001

ABSTRACT

Este Informe Técnico tem a intençäo de promover o repasse de informaçöes sobre diabetes para os profissionais de saúde de todo o Estado de Minas Gerais, sensibilizando-os quanto a importância desta patologia em nosso meio e provendo-os das informaçöes necessárias para que possam atuar junto ao paciente diabético, seus familiares e a populaçäo em geral...


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diet, Diabetic , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus/classification , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Insulin/therapeutic use , Public Health , Regional Medical Programs , Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
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